Controlling Spread of Toxic Shock Syndrome

Table of Contents

A. Isolation and Quarantine Requirements

None.

B. Protection of Contacts of a Case

If it has been determined that the case was caused by GAS, household contacts of the case should have throat cultures taken, and if positive for GAS, be treated with antibiotics. Other close contacts should be evaluated and cultured if symptomatic.

C. Managing Special Situations

Child Care

If the TSS is caused by GAS, consider throat cultures for all symptomatic child care attendees and staff who are contacts of the case, with subsequent antibiotic treatment of those found to be GAS culture positive. Contact the Center for Acute Disease Epidemiology (CADE) for assistance in managing follow-up of a case in child care.

School

If the TSS is caused by GAS, consider throat cultures for all symptomatic classroom members and other close contacts of the case, with subsequent antibiotic treatment of those found to be GAS culture-positive. Contact the Center for Acute Disease Epidemiology (CADE) for assistance in managing follow-up of a case in a school.

Reported Incidence Is Higher than Usual/Outbreak Suspected

If you suspect an outbreak, investigate to determine the source of infection and mode of transmission. Seek a common exposure, such as association with a child care center, and institute applicable preventive or control measures. Control of person-to-person transmission requires special emphasis on personal cleanliness and handwashing. Consult CADE for assistance.

D. Preventive Measures

Environmental Measures

Advise child care centers to clean toys daily using an approved disinfectant and to discourage the use of play food, which facilitates the transmission of not only this bacterium but many others as well. Also advise schools to frequently sanitize shared sports equipment, such as wrestling and gymnastics mats.

E. Personal Preventive Measures/Education

To avoid exposure, advise individuals to:

  • Use the lowest absorbency tampon and change frequently. Discontinue tampon use immediately and call their healthcare provider if they develop a high fever and vomiting or diarrhea during menstruation.
  • Follow directions for use of diaphragms or contraceptive sponges and do not leave the device in place for more than 30 hours.
  • Complete the full course of treatment if prescribed antibiotics for staphylococcus or streptococcus infections.

Iowa Dept. of Public Health, Reviewed 01-14